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Middle East Update
The JCRC’s Middle East Update will focus on a range of views regarding
developments in Iran and the region.  The JCRC Middle East Update will
be circulated monthly.  Circulation through this update does not constitute
endorsement by the JCRC.

JCRC Middle East Update: Increasing Pressure On Iran

In today's email:

  • Legislative and Policy Update
    • ACTION ALERT: Thank Congressmen Akin, Carnahan, and Clay for co-sponsoring H.CON.RES.362 in the House and ask Senators Bond and McCaskill to support S.RES.580 in the Senate.
  • News
    • EU Backs Sanctions on Iran, Freezes Assets
    • Can Syria Avoid Sanctions with a U.N Nuclear Inspection?
  • Recommended Readings/Viewings
    • Energy in Danger: Iran, Oil, and the West
    • Statement of IAEA Director General Mohamed El Baradei at the June 2 IAEA Board of Governors meeting
    • Chief Iranian Negotiator Discusses Iran's Tactics for Nuclear Negotiations

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Legislative and Policy Update

Resolutions in the House and Senate call for increased economic, political and diplomatic pressure on Iran.

Background
As Iran continues to defy the international community in its pursuit of nuclear weapons capability, it is imperative that we maintain economic, political, and diplomatic pressure on the regime in Tehran to meet the demands of the IAEA and the UN Security Council to halt its enrichment of uranium.

On May 22, 2008, Representative Gary Ackerman introduced H.CON.RES.362, and it is currently in the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The resolution currently has 208 co-sponsors. This resolution calls for: 

¢       The President to "initiate an international effort to immediately and dramatically increase the economic, political, and diplomatic pressure on Iran to verifiably suspend its nuclear enrichment activities."

¢       Sanctions on banks, energy companies and all companies that continue to do business with Iran 's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

¢       Restrictions of international movement of all Iranian officials not involved in negotiating the suspension of Iran 's nuclear program.

To read the full text of the resolution and the list of sponsors click here. The related resolution in the Senate, S.Res.580, was introduced by Senator Evan Bayh on June 2nd.

Action Needed:
Thank Congressmen Akin, Carnahan and Clay for signing on as co-sponsors to H.CON.RES.362  (Congressmen Akin and Carnahan’s offices informed us this week that they are signing on and their names should appear online on the co-sponsor list  within a week.)

Urge Senators Bond and McCaskill to support and cosponsor S.Res.580.

Congressman William Lacy Clay, Jr. (D-District 1)
Washington Office: 202-225-2406
St. Louis Office: 314- 367-1970

Congressman Todd Akin (R-District 2)
Washington Office: 202-225-2561
St. Louis Office: 314-590-0029          

Congressman Russ Carnahan (D-District 3)
Washington Office: 202-225-2671
St. Louis Office: 314-962-1523

Senator Claire McCaskill (D)
Washington Office: 202-224-6154
St. Louis Office: 314-621-8227

Senator Christopher S. (Kit) Bond (R)
Washington Office: 202-224-5721
St. Louis Office: 314-725-4484

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Iran News

E.U. Backs Sanctions on Iran, Freezes Bank Assets
Washington Post
An increasingly hard-line European stance complements continuing efforts by a group comprising the United States , Russia , China , France , Britain , Germany and the E.U. to persuade Iran to stop enriching uranium in exchange for a package of political and economic concessions.

On June 12, the group proposed wide-ranging negotiations on a broad array of issues, but stipulated as a precondition that Iran had to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities, steps that can be part of a nuclear energy or weapons program.

Iran has consistently refused to meet that demand… To read the full article from the Washington Post click here

Can Syria Avoid Sanctions With a UN Nuclear Inspection
Christian Science Monitor
International nuclear detectives are at work in the Syrian sands following American allegations of covert nuclear activity, in a trip that could well determine Syria 's international fate…  On Sunday, Der Spiegel, a German news weekly, reported that Syria , North Korea , and Iran were jointly developing a nuclear reactor to build weapons-grade plutonium at the location.  To read more on the background of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections that took place this week in Syria click here.

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Recommended Readings

Energy in Danger: Iran , Oil, and the West
Washington Institute for Near East Policy
By Simon Henderson
Every day, nearly 40 percent of the world's internationally traded oil passes through the Strait of Hormuz -- a narrow channel over which Iran holds distinct military advantages. Given that the global economy is predicted to become even more dependent on Middle Eastern energy supplies in the coming decades, Iran 's potentially critical influence on the flow of these supplies must be addressed. How might Tehran exert this influence in the event of a confrontation? And what can the international community do to avoid such scenarios?

In this entry in The Washington Institute's "Agenda: Iran" series, Gulf expert Simon Henderson analyzes how the United States and its allies can loosen, or even bypass, the Strait of Hormuz chokepoint. Using detailed maps, he shows how existing and potential pipeline networks could be used as alternative routes for Gulf energy exports. He also discusses various means of pressuring Iran and its trading partners -- not just through current financial sanctions, but via new measures that exploit the regime's vulnerabilities in the energy sector. Such efforts must be accelerated if Washington hopes to keep the strait from becoming a serious clog in the world economy. Click here to read the report.

Statement of the Director General at the opening of the International Atomic Energy Agency June Board meeting
International Atomic Energy Agency
Director General Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei reported, “It has now been more than five years since the Agency began this intensive phase of verification of Iran´s nuclear programme. While substantial progress has been made in clarifying many of its aspects, particularly with regard to Iran´s enrichment programme, it is essential that the Agency be able to reach a conclusion regarding the nature of Iran´s programme at the earliest possible date. This depends primarily on Iran demonstrating the necessary transparency and providing full disclosure. I again urge Iran to be fully forthcoming in this regard.” To read the full report click here

Chief Iranian negotiator discusses Iran’s tactics for nuclear negotiation
MEMRI Middle East Media Research Institute
Iran’s history of stalling in regards to nuclear regulatory cooperation is candidly described in this 2005 interview with Hosein Musavian, the chief negotiator at that time. Musavian discusses how Iran succeeded in completing the Isfahan plant (a plant that converts yellowcake into a gaseous form of uranium that is essential for producing either reactor fuel or nuclear weapons). To view the interview click here.

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The JCRC Middle East Update focuses on a range of views regarding
developments in Iran and the region. Circulation through this update does not constitute endorsement by the JCRC.

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